Publications

Journal Papers:

[1] Jason D. Kelly, Ashley Petersen, Thomas S. Lendvay, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. The Effect of Video Playback Speed on Surgeon Technical Skill Perception. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, Submitted, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[2] John O'Neill, Jason Lu, Rodney Dockter, and Timothy Kowalewski. Stretchable, flexible, scalable smart skin sensors for robotic position and force estimation. Sensors, 18(4):953, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[3] John J O'Neill, Trevor K Stephens, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Evaluation of torque measurement surrogates as applied to grip torque and jaw angle estimation of robotic surgical tools. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 3(4):3027--3034, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[4] Trevor K Stephens, Nathan J Kong, Rodney L Dockter, John J O'Neill, Robert M Sweet, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Blended Shared Control Utilizing Online Identification. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 13(6):769--776, 6 2018. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[5] Trevor K Stephens, John J O'Neill, Nathan J Kong, Mark V Mazzeo, Jack E Norfleet, Robert M Sweet, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Conditions for Reliable Grip Force and Jaw Angle Estimation of Da Vinci Surgical Tools. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, pages 1--11, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[6] Rodney L. Dockter, Thomas S. Lendvay, Robert M. Sweet, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. The Minimally Acceptable Classification Criterion for Surgical Skill: Intent Vectors and Separability of Raw Motion Data. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 12(7):1151--1159, July 2017. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[7] Anna French, Thomas S Lendvay, Robert M Sweet, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Predicting surgical skill from the first n seconds of a task: Value over task time using the isogony principle. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery, 12(7):1161--1170, July 2017. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[8] Mark D Gilbertson, Gillian McDonald, Gabriel Korinek, James D Van de Ven, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Serially actuated locomotion for soft robots in tube-like environments. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, 2(2):1140--1147, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[9] Luis E Morales Tenorio, Kelsey J Devine, Jayme Lee, Timothy M Kowalewski, and Victor H Barocas. Biomechanics of Human Parietal Pleura in Uniaxial Extension. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 75:330--335, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[10] Timothy M Kowalewski, Bryan Comstock, Robert Sweet, Cory Schaffhausen, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, et al. Crowd-sourced Assessment of Technical Skills for Validation of Basic Laparoscopic Urologic Skills Tasks. The Journal of Urology, 195(6):1859--1865, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[11] Cory R Schaffhausen and Timothy M Kowalewski. Assessing quality of unmet user needs: Effects of need statement characteristics. Design Studies, 44:1--27, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[12] Daniel Holst, Timothy M Kowalewski, Lee W White, Timothy C Brand, Jonathan D Harper, Mathew D Sorensen, Mireille Truong, Khara Simpson, Alyssa Tanaka, Roger Smith, et al. Crowd-sourced assessment of technical skills: Differentiating animate surgical skill through the wisdom of crowds. Journal of Endourology, 29(10):1183--1188, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[13] Daniel Holst, Timothy M. Kowalewski, Lee W. White, Timothy C. Brand, Jonathan D. Harper, Mathew D. Sorenson, Sarah Kirsch, and Thomas S. Lendvay. Crowd-sourced assessment of technical skills: An adjunct to urology resident surgical simulation training. Journal of Endourology, 29(5):604--609, 2015. [ DOI | http ]
[14] Timothy M Kowalewski, Robert Sweet, Thomas S Lendvay, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Bodo Knudsen, et al. Validation of the AUA BLUS Tasks. The Journal of Urology, 195(4):998--1005, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[15] Thomas S Lendvay, Lee White, and Timothy Kowalewski. Crowdsourcing to assess surgical skill. JAMA Surgery: the Journal of the American Medical Association - Surgery, 150(11):1086--1087, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[16] Cory R Schaffhausen and Timothy M Kowalewski. Assessing quality of user-submitted need statements from large-scale needfinding: Effects of expertise and group size. Journal of Mechanical Design, 137(12):121102, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[17] Cory R Schaffhausen and Timothy M Kowalewski. Large-scale needfinding: Methods of increasing user-generated needs from large populations. Journal of Mechanical Design, 137(7):071403, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[18] Lee W White, Timothy M Kowalewski, Rodney Lee Dockter, Bryan Comstock, Blake Hannaford, and Thomas S Lendvay. Crowd-sourced assessment of technical skill: A valid method for discriminating basic robotic surgery skills. Journal of Endourology, 29(11):1295--1301, 2015. [ DOI | http ]
[19] Timothy M Kowalewski, Lee W White, Thomas S Lendvay, Iris S Jiang, Robert Sweet, Andrew Wright, Blake Hannaford, and Mika N Sinanan. Beyond Task Time: Automated Measurement Augments Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Skills Methodology. Journal of Surgical Research, 192(2):329--338, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[20] Carolyn Chen, Lee White, Timothy Kowalewski, Rajesh Aggarwal, Chris Lintott, Bryan Comstock, Katie Kuksenok, Cecilia Aragon, Daniel Holst, and Thomas Lendvay. Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skills: a Novel Method to Evaluate Surgical Performance. Journal of Surgical Research, 187(1):65--71, 2013. [ .pdf ]
[21] Thomas S Lendvay, Timothy C Brand, Lee White, Timothy Kowalewski, Saikiran Jonnadula, Laina D Mercer, Derek Khorsand, Justin Andros, Blake Hannaford, and Richard M Satava. Virtual Reality Robotic Surgery Warm-up Improves Task Performance in a Dry Laboratory Environment: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 216(6):1181--1192, 2013. [ .pdf ]
[22] David Schroeder, Timothy Kowalewski, Lee White, John Carlis, Erlan Santos, Robert Sweet, Thomas S Lendvay, Troy Reihsen, and Daniel F Keefe. Exploratory Visualization of Surgical Training Databases for Improving Skill Acquisition. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 32(6):71--81, 2012. [ .pdf ]
[23] Timothy J Tausch, Timothy M Kowalewski, Lee W White, Patrick S McDonough, Timothy C Brand, and Thomas S Lendvay. Content and Construct Validation of a Robotic Surgery Curriculum Using an Electromagnetic Instrument Tracker. The Journal of Urology, 188(3):919--923, 2012. [ .pdf ]
[24] Diana CW Friedman, Tim Kowalewski, Radivoje Jovanovic, Jacob Rosen, and Blake Hannaford. Freeing the serial mechanism designer from inverse kinematic solvability constraints. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 7(3):209--216, 2010. [ .pdf ]
[25] Hani H Rashid, Timothy Kowalewski, Peter Oppenheimer, Ann Ooms, John N Krieger, and Robert M Sweet. The Virtual Reality Transurethral Prostatic Resection Trainer: Evaluation of Discriminate Validity. The Journal of Urology, 177(6):2283--2286, 2007. [ .pdf ]
[26] R Sweet, T Kowalewski, P Oppenheimer, S Weghorst, and R Satava. Face, Content and Construct Validity of the University of Washington Virtual Reality Transurethral Prostate Resection Trainer. The Journal of Urology, 172(5):1953--1957, 2004. [ .pdf ]

Journal Technical Briefs:

[1] Mark J Brown, Trevor K Stephens, John J O'Neill, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Effects of Grasp Frequency on the Dynamics of a Robotic Surgical Grasper. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 10(3):030957, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[2] Anna French, John O'Neill, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Design of a Dynamic Additive Manufacturing System for Use on Free-moving Human Anatomy. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 10(2):020941, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[3] Mark D Gilbertson, Gillian McDonald, Gabriel Korinek, James D Van de Ven, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Soft passive valves for serial actuation in a soft hydraulic robotic catheter. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 10(3):030931, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[4] Cory R Schaffhausen, Timothy M Kowalewski, and Robert Sweet. Crowdsourcing unmet clinical needs in minimally invasive surgery. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 10(3):030920, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[5] Trevor K Stephens, Kelsey A Harper, Mark J Brown, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Decay of tissue mechanical properties over a 24-hr period. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 10(3):030950, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[6] Jason Lu and Timothy M Kowalewski. Flexible, stretchable skin sensors for two-dimensional position tracking in medical simulators. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 9(2):020927, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[7] John J. O'Neill, Timothy M. Kowalewski, and Robert M. Sweet. Feasibility of online semantic labeling of deformable tissues for minimally invasive surgery. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 9(3), 2015. [ .pdf ]
[8] Trevor K Stephens, Zachary C Meier, Robert M Sweet, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Tissue identification through back end sensing on da vinci endowrist surgical tool. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 9(3):030939, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[9] Darrin Beekman, Sachin Bijadi, and Timothy Kowalewski. Real-Time Tissue Differentiation Using Fiber Optic Sensing in Laser Catheters. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3):030934, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[10] Sachin Bijadi, Timothy Zalusky, John O'Neill, and Timothy Kowalewski. Feasibility of Additive Manufacturing Method for Developing Stretchable Electronics for Bio-integrated Devices. Proceedings of the Design of Medical Devices Conference, Europe, pages 106--107, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[11] Rodney Dockter and Tim Kowalewski. A Framework for Calibrating and Benchmarking Computer Vision Algorithms in Surgical Robotics. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3), 2014. [ .pdf ]
[12] A Doud, R Dockter, D Vetter, J Rana, M Koester, Z Rzeszutek, and J Hjaltason. Low-cost Assessment Tools for the Development of Psychomotor Competency in Procedural Surgical Skills. Mechanical Sciences, 5:17--19, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[13] John J. O'Neill and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Online free anatomy registration via non-contact skeletal tracking for collaborative human/robot interaction in surgical robotics. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3), 2014. [ .pdf ]
[14] Jalal Rana and Timothy Kowalewski. Feasibility of a low-cost instrumented trocar for universal surgical procedure analyses. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3), 2014. [ .pdf ]
[15] Cory R Schaffhausen and Timothy M Kowalewski. Towards crowd-based needfinding in medical device development. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3), 2014. [ .pdf ]
[16] Robin Walz, Zachary Meier, Michael Winek, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Medical simulators for developing countries via low-cost two-dimensional position tracking. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8:1--3, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[17] Michael Winek, Robert Sweet, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Dynamic calibration method for instrumented laparoscopic surgical graspers. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 8(3), 2014. [ .pdf ]
[18] Rodney Dockter and Timothy M Kowalewski. A Low-Cost Computer Vision Based Approach for Tracking Surgical Robotic Tools. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 7(3), 2013. [ .pdf ]
[19] Alexander J Doud, Rodney Dockter, Sanket Chauhan, Robert Sweet, and Timothy Kowalewski. Automated electro-mechanical assessment of psychomotor skill for high-stakes certification in surgical robotics. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 7(3), 2013. [ .pdf ]
[20] Kevin Ruda, Darrin Beekman, Lee W White, Thomas S Lendvay, and Timothy M Kowalewski. SurgTrak--A Universal Platform for Quantitative Surgical Data Capture. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 7(3), 2013. [ .pdf ]
[21] Astrini Sie and Timothy M Kowalewski. Quantifying forces at the tool-tissue interface of a surgical laparoscopic grasper. ASME Journal of Medical Devices, 7(3), 2013. [ .pdf ]

Conference Papers:

[1] Trevor Stephens, Chaitanya Awasthi, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Adaptive Impedance Control with Force Tracking for Unknown Soft Environment Interactions. In 58rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[2] Anna French, John O'Neill, Ryan Madson, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Dynamic Additive Manufacturing onto Free-moving Human Anatomy via Temporal Coarse/Fine Control. In Medical Robotics (ISMR), 2018 International Symposium on, pages 1--6. IEEE, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[3] Mark D. Gilbertson, Gillian J. McDonald, Chaitanya Awasthi, Rumi Faizer, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Computational inverse design of anatomy-specific soft robot actuators with physically-realizable material conditions. In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[4] Reed A. Johnson, John J. O'Neill, Rodney L. Dockter, Carl J. Modl, Daniel Sorby, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Comparison of bio-inks for free-hand 3d bioprinting directly onto moving human anatomy. In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[5] Nathan J Kong, Trevor K Stephens, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Da Vinci Tool Torque Mapping Over 50,000 Grasps and Its Implications on Grip Force Estimation Accuracy. In Medical Robotics (ISMR), 2018 International Symposium on, pages 1--6. IEEE, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[6] Rebecca G. Smith, Reed A. Johnson, Gabriella Shull, Daniel Sorby, Carl J. Modl, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Towards robotic bioprinting directly onto moving, stretching anatomy. In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[7] Trevor K. Stephens, John J. O'Neill, Nathan J. Kong, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Impact of jaw orientation on grip force estimation for a da vinci endowrist surgical tool. In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[8] Devin Lange, Francesca Samsel, Ioannis Karamouzas, S. J. Guy, Rodney Dockter, Timothy Kowalewski, and Daniel F. Keefe. Trajectory Mapper: Interactive Widgets and Artist-Designed Encodings for Visualizing Multivariate Trajectory Data. In Barbora Kozlikova, Tobias Schreck, and Thomas Wischgoll, editors, EuroVis 2017 - Short Papers. The Eurographics Association, 2017. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[9] John J O'Neill, Reed A Johnson, Rodney L Dockter, and Timothy M Kowalewski. 3D Bioprinting Directly onto Moving Human Anatomy. In 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), pages 934--940. IEEE, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[10] Rodney L. Dockter, John J. O'Neill, Trevor K. Stephens, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Feasibility of tissue classification via da vinci endowrist surgical tool. In The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics, pages 64--65, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[11] Mark Gilbertson, Darrin Beekman, Biswaranjan Mohanty, Saeed Hashemi, Sangyoon Lee, James D Van de Ven, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Force analysis and modelling of soft actuators for catheter robots. In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference, pages V002T25A005--V002T25A005. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. [ .pdf ]
[12] Cory R. Schaffhausen, Rob Sweet, David Hananel, Kathleen Johnson, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Crowdsourcing unmet needs in simulation-based education and technology. In 9th Annual Meeting of the American College of Surgeons Accredited Education Institute Consortium, Chicago, IL, 2016. Accredited Education Institute. [ .pdf ]
[13] John O'Neill, Jason Lu, Rodney Dockter, and Timothy Kowalewski. Practical, Stretchable Smart Skin Sensors for Contact-aware Robots in Safe and Collaborative Interactions. In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pages 624--629. IEEE, 2015. [ .pdf ]
[14] Cory R Schaffhausen and Timothy M Kowalewski. Large-scale needs-based open innovation via automated semantic textual similarity analysis. In Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, pages V007T06A045--V007T06A045, Boston, MA, 2015. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. DETC2015-47358. [ .pdf ]
[15] Rodney Dockter, Robert Sweet, and Tim Kowalewski. A Fast, Low-cost, Computer Vision Approach for Tracking Surgical Tools. In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[16] Daniel Holst, Lee White, Timothy Brand, Jonathan Harper, and Thomas Lendvay. Crowd-sourced Assessment of Technical Skills: An Adjunct to Urology Resident Surgical Simulation Training. In The Journal of Urology, volume 191, pages e168--. Elsevier, 2014. [ DOI | http ]
[17] Timothy Kowalewski, Robert Sweet, Ashleigh Menhadjii, Timothy Averch, Geoffery Box, Bodo Knudsen, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Elspeth McDougall, Bradley Schwartz, and Thomas S. Lendvay. Construct validity of the basic laparoscopic urologic sugery (BLUS) skill tasks. volume 28, page A250. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA, 2014. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[18] Thomas Lendvay, Bryan Comstock, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Bodo Knudsen, Timothy Brand, Michael Femandino, Johad Kaouk, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Elpseth McDougall, Ashleigh Mehadji, Bradley Schwartz, Robert Sweet, and Timothy Kowalewski. Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skills (C-SATS): Validation Through the Basic Laparoscopic Urologic Sugery (BLUS) Curriculum. volume 28, pages A249--A250. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New Rochelle, NY 10801 USA, 2014. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[19] Thomas S. Lendvay, Lee W. White, Daniel Holst, Timothy Kowalewski, Jonathan D. Harper, Mathew Sorensen, Timothy C. Brand, Mireille Truong, Khara Simpson, and Roger Smith. Quantifying Surgical Skill: Using the Wisdom of Crowds. volume 219, pages e158 -- e159, 2014. Scientific Papers and Scientific Poster Presentations, The American College of Surgeons 2014 Annual Clinical Congress. [ DOI | http ]
[20] Bin Li, Berenice Mettler, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Towards data-driven hierarchical surgical skill analysis. In MICCAI 5th Workshop on Modeling and Monitoring of Computer Assisted Interventions (M2CAI) MedarXiv, preprint arXiv:1503.08866 2015, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[21] Astrini Sie, Michael Winek, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Online identification of abdominal tissues in vivo for tissue-aware and injury-avoiding surgical robots. In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2014), 2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on, pages 2036--2042. IEEE, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[22] Lee W White, Timothy M Kowalewski, Timothy C Brand, Jonathan D Harper, Bryan Comstock, Blake Hannaford, and Thomas S Lendvay. Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skills: Fast, Economical and Accurate Assessment of Robotic Surgery. In Journal of Urology, volume 191, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[23] Timothy Kowalewski, Lee White, Thomas Lendvay, and Blake Hannaford. The electronic data generation and evaluation (edge) platform for laparoscopic skills training and evaluation. volume 7, pages 566--567. Simulation in Healthcare, LWW, 2012. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[24] Timothy Kowalewski, Lee White, Thomas Lendvay, and Blake Hannaford. How much force? a possible gap in surgical training. volume 7, pages 540--541. Simulation in Healthcare, LWW, 2012. [ DOI | .pdf ]
[25] Richard Satava, Roger Smith, Vipul Patel A. Advincula, R. Aggarwal, A. Al Ansari, D. Albala, R. Angelo, M. Anvari, J. Armstrong, G. Ballantyne, M. Billia, J. Borin, D. Bouchier-Hayes, T. Brand, S. Chauhan, P. Coelho, A. Cuschieri, B. Dunkin, S. Dunlow, V. Ficarra, A. Gallagher, L. Glazerman, T. Grantcharov, D. Hananel, J. Hebert, R. Holloway, W. Judd, K. Kim, M. Koch, T. Kowalewski, R. Kumar, K. Kunkler, G. Lee, T. Lendvay, R. Leveillee, J. Levy, G. Maddern, S. Magnuson, M. Marohn, D. Maron, M. Martino, P. Neary, K. Palmer, E. Parra-Davila, S. Ramamoorthy, K. Rha, J. Riess, B. Rocco, R. Rush, D. Scott, N. Seymour, M. Sinanan, D. Stefanidis, C. Sundaram, R. Sweet, E. Verrier, and G. Weinstein. Fundamentals of robotic surgery: Outcomes measures and curriculum development. In Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, 2012. [ .pdf ]
[26] Astrini Sie, Michael Winek, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Low-Cost Quantitative Tool-tissue Applied Pressure Indication Method for Surgical Training and Assessment in Reality-based Physical Models. volume 184, pages 407--411, 2012. [ .pdf ]
[27] Timothy J Tausch, Timothy M Kowalewski, Lee W White, Timothy C Brand, and Thomas S Lendvay. Content and Construct Validation of a Robotic Surgery Curriculum Using an Electromagnetic Instrument Tracker. In Journal of Urology, volume 185, 2011. Podium Presentation. [ .pdf ]
[28] Diana CW Friedman, Jesse Dosher, Tim Kowalewski, Jacob Rosen, and Blake Hannaford. Automated Tool Handling for the Trauma Pod Surgical Robot. In Robotics and Automation, 2007 IEEE International Conference on, pages 1936--1941. IEEE, 2007. [ .pdf ]
[29] Timothy M Kowalewski, Jacob Rosen, Lily Chang, Mika N Sinanan, and Blake Hannaford. Optimization of a Vector Quantization Codebook for Objective Evaluation of Surgical Skill. volume 98, page 174. Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 12: Building a Better You: the Next Tools for Medical Education, Diagnosis, and Care, IOS Press, 2004. [ .pdf ]
[30] RM Sweet, T Kowalewski, P Oppenheimer, J Berkley, S Weghorst, and M Mayo. How We Learn Resection Skills: Analysis of Data from the University of Washington TURP Simulator. In Journal of Urology (Supplement 4), volume 171, pages 401--401. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 530 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621 USA, 2004. Podium Presentation. [ .pdf ]
[31] R M Sweet, T M Kowalewski, P Oppenheimer, J Berkley, R Satava, J R Porter, and S Weghorst. The UW TURP Simulator: A Validated Tool to Train Resection Skills. In Journal of Urology, volume 169, pages 467--467. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 530 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621 USA, 2003. Podium Presentation. [ .pdf ]
[32] Robert M Sweet, Timothy M Kowalewski, Peter Oppenheimer, Jeff Berkley, and Susan Weghorst. Validation of the University of Washington Virtual Reality TURP Simulator as a Training Tool. In Journal of Endourology (Supplement 1), volume 16. World Congress of Endourology, 2002. [ .pdf ]
[33] Robert M Sweet, Peter Oppenheimer, Duff Hendrickson, Timothy M Kowalewski, Jeff Berkley, James Porter, and Susan Weghorst. The creation of the university of washington virtual turp training simulator. In Journal of Endourology (Supplement 1), volume 16. World Congress of Endourology, 2002. [ .pdf ]

Conference Workshops and Peer Reviewed Abstracts:

[1] Ben Hamlen, Gillian McDonald, Mark Gilbertson, Daniel Ng, and Timothy Kowalewski. "Automated Manufacturing of Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Enclosure for Patient Specific Catheter Robots." Proceedings of the 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. April 15-18, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[2] Xiaoyin Ling, Amer Safdari, Michael B. Tradewell, Robert M. Sweet, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Dynamics of Foley Catheter Insertion: A Cadaver Study. In Engineering and Urology Society, 34th EUS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[3] Amer Safdari, Xiaoyin Ling, Michael B. Tradewell, Timothy M. Kowalewski, and Robert M. Sweet. Practical, Non-Invasive Measurement of Urinary Catheter Insertion Forces and Motions. In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference, pages V001T06A016--V001T06A016. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Digital Collection, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[4] Xiaoyin Ling, Michael Tradewell, Robert M. Sweet, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. A catheter insertion force assessment tool: Design and preclinical results. In Engineering and Urology Society, 33rd EUS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[5] Trevor K. Stephens, Darrin D. Beekman, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Toward Computer Assistance of Excimer Laser Coronary Atherectomy Procedures. In Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics: Workshop on Advanced Biophotonics, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[6] Chaitanya Awasthi, Gillian McDonald, Mark D. Gilbertson, James D. Van de Ven, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Generalized Kinematics for Deformable Patient-Specific Soft Robots. In IEEE IROS Full-day Workshop on Continuum Robots in Medicine - Design, Integration, and Applications, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[7] Anna French and Timothy M Kowalewski. Laparoscopic skill classification using the two-third power law and the isogony principle. In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, pages V001T12A001--V001T12A001. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Digital Collection, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[8] Mark D Gilbertson, James D Van de Ven, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Inverse Design Methodology for Patient Specific Soft Robotics. In ICRA 2017 workshop C4 Surgical Robots: Compliant, Continuum, Cognitive, and Collaborative, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[9] Reed A. Johnson, John J. O'Neill, Rodney L. Dockter, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Toward inkjet additive manufacturing directly onto human anatomy. In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, pages V001T11A023--V001T11A023. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Digital Collection, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[10] Nathan J Kong, Trevor K Stephens, John J O'Neill, and Timothy M Kowalewski. Design of a portable dynamic calibration instrument for davinci si tools. In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference, pages V001T11A023--V001T11A023. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Digital Collection, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[11] Gillian McDonald, Amer Safdari, James D. Van de Ven, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. Traction of Helical Soft Continuum Actuators for Endoluminal Robots. In IEEE IROS Full-day Workshop on Continuum Robots in Medicine - Design, Integration, and Applications, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[12] Rebecca Smith, John O'Neill, and Timothy M. Kowalewski. 3D Bioprinting Directly onto Unpredictably-Moving Human Anatomy: Can Dynamic Vision Sensors Improve Performance? In IEEE IROS Full-day Workshop on Continuum Robots in Medicine - Design, Integration, and Applications, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[13] Thomas Lendvay, Daniel Holst, Lee White, Timothy Kowalewski, Timothy Brand, Mathew Sorensen, Jonathan Harper, Mireille Truong, Khara Simpson, and Rogher Smith. Differentiating surgical skill through the wisdom of crowds. Number 29, page 77. Engineering and Urology Society, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[14] Lee W White, Timothy M Kowalewski, Blake Hannaford, and Thomas S Lendvay. SurgTRAK: Evolution of a Multi-stream Surgical Performance Data Capture System for the Da Vinci Surgical Robot. Number 27, page 24. Engineering and Urology Society, 2012. [ .pdf ]

PhD Theses:

[1] Gillian J. McDonald. Design and Modeling of Millimeter-Scale Soft Robots for Medical Applications. PhD's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2021 [ .pdf ]
[2] Jason D. Kelly. Analysis and Control of Temporal Biases in Surgical Skill Evaluation. PhD's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2020 [ .pdf ]
[3] Mark D. Gilbertson. Inverse Design of Soft Robotic Actuators using Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling. PhD's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2019 [ .pdf ]
[4] Trevor K. Stephens. Augmenting Surgical Robot Interactions with Intelligent Autonomy. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[5] Darrin D. Beekman. Tissue Identification and Photoablation Therapy Control with Contact Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[6] Anna French. Motion Analysis through Crowd-sourced Assessment and Feature Design with Applications to Surgical Technical Skill Evaluation. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[7] John J. O'Neill. Online Semantic Labeling of Deformable Tissues for Medical Applications. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[8] Rodney L. Dockter. Dynamic Discriminant Analysis with Applications in Computational Surgery. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2017. [ .pdf ]
[9] Cory R. Schaffhausen. Large-Scale Needfinding Methods, Quality Metrics, and Need Prioritization in User-Centered Design. PhD thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2015. [ .pdf ]

Masters Theses:

[1] Xiaoyin(Catherine) Ling. Dynamics of Male Urethra Catheterization: Simulator and Cadaveric Study. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[2] Amer Safdari. Towards More Accurate Medical Simulation via Procedural Instrumentation. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2019. [ .pdf ]
[3] Tiance Xia. The Visualization and Optimization of the Dynamic Workspace of a Delta Robot. mathesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2018. [ .pdf ]
[4] Sachin Bijadi. Feasibility of Additive Manufacturing Method for Developing Stretchable and Flexible Embedded Circuits. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[5] Rodney Lee Dockter. A Fast, Low-cost, Computer-vision Based Approach for Tracking Surgical Tools. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2013. [ .pdf ]
[6] Jalal Rana. Feasibility of a low cost instrumented trocar for universal surgical procedure analysis. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2013. [ .pdf ]
[7] Astrini Sie. Online identification of abdominal tissues during grasping using an instrumented laparoscopic grasper. Master's thesis, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 2013. [ .pdf ]

Other:

[1] Timothy M. Kowalewski and Thomas S. Lendvay. Performance Assessment, pages 89--105. Springer International Publishing, 2019. [ DOI | http ]
[2] Timothy M. Kowalewski, Thomas S. Lendvay, Bryan Comstock, Cory Schaffhausen, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Bodo Knudsen, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Bradley Schwartz, Robert Sweet, and Elspeth McDougall. High-volume assessment of surgical videos via crowd-sourcing: The basic laparoscopic urologic skills (blus) initiative. Journal of Urology, American Urological Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 2015. Podium Presentation.
[3] Timothy M. Kowalewski, Thomas S. Lendvay, Cory Schaffhausen, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Bodo Knudsen, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Bradley Schwartz, Robert Sweet, and Elspeth McDougall. Large-scale evidence of construct validity: The basic laparoscopic urologic skills (blus) initiative. Journal of Urology, American Urological Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 2015. Podium Presentation.
[4] Timothy M. Kowalewski, Thomas S. Lendvay, Cory Schaffhausen, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Bodo Knudsen, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Bradley Schwartz, Robert Sweet, and Elspeth McDougall. Using the wisdom of crowds: Validation through the basic laparoscopic urologic surgery (blus) curriculum. Journal of Urology, American Urological Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 2015. Podium Presentation.
[5] Thomas S. Lendvay, Timothy M. Kowalewski, Ashleigh Menhadji, Timothy Averch, Geoffrey Box, Timothy Brand, Michael Ferrandino, Jihad Kaouk, Bodo Knudsen, Jaime Landman, Benjamin Lee, Bradley Schwartz, Robert Sweet, and Elspeth McDougall. Validation of laparoscopic training curriculum: The basic laparoscopic urologic skills (blus) initiative. Journal of Urology, American Urological Association Annual Conference Proceedings, 2015. Podium Presentation.
[6] Sachin Bijadi. Masters defense presentation, 2014. [ .pdf ]
[7] Zachary Meier. Tissue discrimination with the da vinci endowrist instrument. Honors Undergraduate Thesis, Univeristy of Minnesota, 5 2014. [ .pdf ]
[8] Carolyn Chen, Lee W White, Bryan Comstock, Timothy M Kowalewski, and Thomas S Lendvay. Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skill (C-SATS): Faculty Experts vs. Amazon.com Mechanical Turk Project(TM) vs. Facebook(TM). NextMed Medicine Meets Virtual Reality Oral Presentation,, 2 2013.